Diabetes mellitus is a pathological process associated with disturbances in the endocrine system, which develops as a consequence of relative or absolute causes of the lack of insulin hormone. The result is a sharp increase in blood glucose concentration in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia factor).
A characteristic of the disease is a violation of metabolism at all systemic levels and a chronic course. To more deeply realize the complexity of diabetes, the danger of multiple disorders that accompany the disease, it is necessary to reveal the concepts of the energy entity and metabolic processes.
For the harmonious functioning of all body systems, energy is vital. The body cannot generate independently, so it consumes it from external resources.
One of the special and important conveyors of the single energy is the food base. Carbohydrate complexes, such as food components, are supplied to organisms of people within 50 to 75% of the energy as a whole.
Carbohydrates are the most multiple organic substances on the earth's surface, are kept at cellular level at all living matter. They transfer energy to the organs, giving life and prosperity to all systems.
But the body itself does not synthesize carbohydrates, but it takes them with food. The largest number of these elements is concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharide) and complex (or polysaccharide). The first type includes glucose and fructose, second cellulose, starch, glycogen. Assimilation of all types occurs with varying speed degrees. Monosaccharides, as a base of energy, enter the bloodstream at a rapid pace, producing a sharp increase in sugar level. The polysaccharide assimilation process is very slow. The main role of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal department and the excretion of toxic and slag complexes.
Glucose is a dominant power supplier, not free in food publication. Its formation occurs in the decomposition of third part carbohydrates during food processing, after which is transported to the blood. The sugar level invariably increases at the same time. Then, under the control and action of insulin, glucose moves to a cage. Having changed inward, glucose performs a metabolic process.
Adjusting the sugar process
The primordial function in the adjustment of carbohydrate metabolic processes belongs to the pancreatic hormone - insulin. Pancreatic (pancreas) is an organ responsible for the functionality and development of internal and external secretion. Internal secretion produces antagonist hormones: insulin and glucagon. External secretion contributes to the development of a substance that normalizes digestion. These hormones are produced by feeding beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar and increases glucagon.
With an increased level of glucose, insulin is thrown into the bloodstream and causes glucose penetration in the cell. Foods contribute to the addition of insulin; Therefore, sugar does not increase, its level is stable. Excess glucose is stored in the liver, such as glucagon, which, as necessary, is transformed into glucose. With a glucose deficiency, glucagon retains glycogen, transferring successfully to the consistency of glucose, rather than giving energy to the body.
The normal level of glucose ranges from 75 to 115 mg/dl in the morning before eating. After eating, the glucose level reaches 125-145 mg/dl.
Types of diabetes
- Insulin -dependent form (type 1 diabetes mellitus);
- Dependent form of insulinona (type 2 diabetes mellitus).
The first type of pathology is the inability of pancreatic cells with the development of the right amount of insulin (production may be absent). The causes of such failures are complete death of the cells of the gland and adverse factors - viruses, tensions, a weak immune system, incorrect diet, inflammation in any way directly in pancreatic and excessive fat.
Type 1 diabetes requires mandatory insulin injections according to rigid graphs.
The second type of disease, dependent on insulin, is more common, characterized by the development of a sufficient insulin norm, but the body does not perceive it, the result is a small dose of insulin. The causes are different: from obesity to internal organs, thyroid gland and pituitary gland. An important point is the use of drugs of different spectra.
Signs
With both types of disease, sugar cannot absorb at the cellular level and is rooted in blood cells, which forces them to starve energetically. The diabetes signs of both types are the same - this is a multiple urination, in large quantities, the desire to drink many fluids, reducing body weight with good nutrition, increased fatigue, low skin regeneration, the appearance of purulent wounds and formations.
Signal differences are only the following: the first type develops in the shortest possible time and is quite bright. In patients with the second type of disease, he continues latent, without signs and may feel random. In the examined urine of such people, sugar is found, whose presence is abnormal. In patient urine, the first type is sugar and acetone.
Treatment
The first type is treated with constant insulin injections according to the schedule and if type 2 diabetes developed, Like this,Hypoglycemic treatment with medications that reduce sugar concentration is prescribed. The moment of an integrated approach and proper therapy is important here.
Oral medicines
- At the early stage of the disease, the treatment of g-glucosidase inhibitors, the preparations of sulfonylmochevine are effective.
- Medicines - Biguanides.
- Vegetable drugs, popular remedies, various dietary supplements are effectively used to treat diabetes.
It is important to know and understand that the disease is insidious and dangerous complications. In all directions, they drag in silence and in the future can lead to disability and often deaths.
Possible problems
- Periodontal disease, stomatitis.
- Liver disease.
- Disorders in the biliary system.
- Brain violation and blood supply malfunction.
- Visual channel diseases and various lesions, possibly blindness.
Diet
Therapeutic foods are scientifically called "nine nine diet", which is strictly prescribed by order of the doctor, by the type of disease. It is important to focus on the directed principle, for example, the exclusion of fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods. Below with blank spaces and alcohol, also remove sweets. Rigid control and fat limitation, fractional food techniques. Diabetes diet is the main component of maintaining a relatively normal state.
With type 1 diabetes
Food rules with this type are directed to the correct calculation of the unit of bread or carbohydrates in food. It is important not to the food itself, but quantitative parameters.
The account is maintained: single consumption of foods with 7-8 units of bread, in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before eating, a dose of insulin and an amount of bread in the units are always calculated before meals. The completely sweet liquid of any type is deleted.
With type 2 diabetes
Here, most importantly, to stabilize carbohydrate processes. In treatment, exercise is used and a decrease in food consumption by calorie content. The calculation is performed by an individual program.
Products allowed
- Mushroom and vegetable broth, beet soup, okroshka, low -fat fish decoction.
- Pieces of low meat, veal, rabbit, chicken fillet.
- Types of rye bread and wheat, bran.
- Fatless fish: You can boil and baked.
- Small cheeses, sour kitchen, yogurts.
- The egg is up to 2 pieces per week and only protein. The gem is occasionally.
- Corn, barley porridge, sarracene wheat, oats and pearl barley
- Salad foliage, pumpkin, cucumber, tomato, zucchini, cabbage and eggplant. Vegetables are preferably cooked and baked. The potatoes are very small.
- Fruits and fruits without sweetness, for example, apples, grapefruit. Juices and length in a sorbiti.
Prohibited products
- Fat meat broth.
- Great meat of any kind.
- Pies, rollers, sdoba.
- Fat fish.
- Any kind of pickles and smoke.
- Fish and meat in canned, in oil solutions, caviar.
- All salty cheeses, species of cottage cheese with sugar, butter.
- White varieties of rice, semolina and pasta anyway.
- Salt and marinated, Bean family vegetables.
- Strawberries, grapes, figs, bananas, dates, jam, chocolate.
- Grapes, peach and other species with increased sweetness.
With alarm signs, it is immediately necessary to go to doctors if diabetes symptoms are found and start preventive measures in time and the treatment course. Prevention is especially important for those who have a genetic trend of type 2 diabetes, overweight or pathology in the pancreatic.
Today, the patient with this disease has relevant and real opportunities to avoid difficulties and remain at a high level of qualitative living. Anyone can avoid and interrupt the spread of the consequences of the disease. Any patient is easily accessible to all types designed to treat diabetes. This is a wide range of plant and synthetic variants of medicines, insulin preparations, devices for your body contribution, control type.
Today, unique courses and seminars are available for patient teaching. High class experts, professionals in their field in accessible and informative introduction in the course of any desire and suffering in all issues related to the disease.
Important Rules for Diabetics
- Constant verification and consultation with a cardiologist to avoid the development of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
- Difficult pressure control.
- Frequent visit to the ophthalmological office, checking the visual apparatus.
- Verifying the state of the blood vessels and the joints of the lower extremities.
- Staying in fresh air is enough.